When applying to top consulting firms, one of the most crucial stages of the interview process is the case interview. This format is designed to assess your analytical competencies, problem-solving skills, and ability to think strategically under pressure. Let's take a look at what to expect.
A case interview is a 30-minute simulation of a typical business project that consultants may have worked on. Cases provide a real example of an on-the-job experience and the assumption is that if a candidate is successfully able to tackle a case interview, he or she is also more likely to be a successful management consultant.
Case studies are the most important and usually the longest part of consulting interviews. In addition to the case study, the interview typically includes introductory small talk, a personal fit interview, and closing questions (see the illustration below).
Many companies review and standardize their consulting cases prior to a real interview to ensure that the case is neither too difficult nor too easy. Companies also ensure that a variety of skills are tested during the interviews.
The Typical Flow of a Case Interview
The case interview typically follows a structured flow to ensure that both the interviewer and the candidate cover all necessary aspects of the business problem. It involves the following phases:
1. Case Presentation and Problem Understanding
To start off, the interviewer will present a specific business problem or scenario. This could range from market entry considerations, to profitability issues, or organizational changes. The problem is usually based on real-world business issues that the consulting firm dealt with in the past.
You are expected to listen carefully, take notes, and clarify any points that are not clear to fully understand the scope and context of the problem.
👉 To get a better feeling for possible case prompts, check out the following beginner cases.
You have been hired to support the owner of a bike-shop as a business consultant. The bike-shop has suffered a significant revenue decline during the last year, and now the owner would like you to assess the situation and options for the way forward.
They want to know last year’s profit, i.e. how it was affected by the revenue decline, and what the priority actions are to survive the next year. (short term)
In addition they would like to understand the strategic competitive position of the shop better and how to increase revenues again mid- to long-term.
Our client (FastFood Co) is a fast-food company that has > 20 restaurants in the city. Recently, the business has encountered significant challenges, with net profit drops to negative.
The client wants us to help them turn around the business. How would you help them?
Afterwards, you outline a structured approach or framework to tackle the problem. Common frameworks include the SWOT analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, or the 4P's, with which you can structure your information. This step demonstrates your ability to break down complex issues into manageable parts.
However, keep in mind that it is not enough to simply memorize the standard framework concepts. While standard frameworks are useful for a rudimentary outline of a case problem, they need to be optimized and adapted to the individual case. Don't worry, as this is a skill you can develop, but it definitely requires thorough preparation and practice.
Once you have crafted your structure, clearly explain your framework to the interviewer, ensuring he or she understands your thought process and logical flow.
3. Analysis and Problem Solving
Next, you dive into the analysis. During the interview, your interviewer may provide additional data, charts or exhibits. Analyze this information to support your framework and build your argument. Formulate hypotheses based on your analysis and test them against the data provided. If needed, adjust your approach based on your new findings.
During the quantitative analysis, perform the necessary calculations to support your findings. This could include market sizing estimations, profitability calculations or a cost analysis. Good mental math skills will definitely help in this phase.
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Once you have worked through your structure, provide clear, and actionable recommendations based on your analysis. Use the Pyramid Principle of communication, highlight your key findings and explain how they address the problem.
You should also be ready to justify your suggestions with evidence from your analysis (i. e. data) and discuss possible next steps or further areas of investigation that the client may wish to consider.
After all, the interviewer may question your conclusions or ask for further clarification. Be prepared to defend your recommendations and discuss alternative perspectives.
After, all the best way to prepare for your interview is practice. Explore our Case Library with real examples now!
Fast Dish, a publicly traded Quick Service Restaurant (Franchise) company with over €20 billion in revenue and more than 20.000 restaurants globally, has recently faced major challenges with regards to supply chain management and sustainability.
The client's top management has engaged the SCM and procurement specialized consultancy Inverto to advise the company in this critical situation.
The CIO of a major insurance company needs your support to renew the company's IT landscape as a starting point for their digital transformation.
The IT landscape of the client is highly fragmented and integrated. Most IT applications are "legacy" monolithic custom developments (running on Mainframe) and are hosted on-premise.
There are issues with stability and scalability of applications plus IT costs are ever increasing "Time-to-market" to release new functionalities is too high, due to constraints of current architecture.
You are asked to quickly assess the status quo, identify main areas of intervention and measures to address the pain points and renew the IT landscape.
Note: This case is interviewer-led. The cases in our interviews are more candidate-led. In this case, you take the lead and manage the entire case from start to finish. So be prepared for this when you apply to us.
Ein Automobilhersteller hat zu einer Strategiekonferenz mit dem Vorstand eingeladen. Es soll die zukünftige Positionierung des Unternehmens diskutiert werden. Sie sind als Speaker in der Konferenz eingeplant und sollen einige Fragestellungen beantworten, die Sie vom Vorstand erhalten haben.
Grundsätzlich kommt es dem Unternehmen darauf an, mit der strategischen Ausrichtung einen mittel- bis langfristigen Wettbewerbsvorteil auf dem Markt zu erlangen.
A leading online real estate marketplace in Germany – your-new-home.com – is struggling with stagnating sales after many years of high growth rates. In a preliminary project with EY-Parthenon, the market environment has already been examined in detail – competitors, new entrants, customer needs, etc.
As a result, you are asked to identify growth areas and quantify the potential sales uplift for the management.
Der Automobilhersteller YourCars denkt zunehmend darüber nach, wie er seine Kosten senken und gleichzeitig seinen ökologischen Fußabdruck minimieren kann. Eine mögliche Lösung besteht darin, die Prinzipien der Kreislaufwirtschaft, insbesondere die „5Rs" – Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle – in seine Produktionsprozesse zu integrieren. Hauptziel dieser Überlegungen ist es, den Verbrauch und die Verschwendung von Ressourcen zu minimieren, die Lebensdauer von Produkten und Materialien zu maximieren und letztendlich einen nachhaltigeren und effizienteren Betrieb zu gewährleisten. Zu diesem Zweck beauftragt die Geschäftsführung eine Unternehmensberatung mit der Erarbeitung erster Ansätze.
Du als Unternehmensberater:in sollst der Geschäftsführung die Chancen und Risiken des Kreislaufwirtschaftsansatzes erläutern. Darüber hinaus möchte die Geschäftsführung wissen, in welchen Bereichen Einsparpotenziale bestehen. Schlussendlich sollst du basierend auf der Analyse eine Empfehlung aussprechen.
The European Union pursues the target of lowering the CO₂ emissions of their residents. Therefore, the EU introduced a CO₂ tax to create incentives for consumers to switch to more climate friendly alternatives and stabilize carbon dioxide emissions.
Accordingly, and as E.ON’s strategy focuses on creating a better tomorrow for its customers, E.ON is investing significantly to grow its ‘Customer solutions’ area with climate-friendly solutions, including its heating solutions business.
You have recently joined E.ON Inhouse Consulting and E.ON’s Head of Heating Solutions has hired you to conduct an analysis concerning the European CO₂ tax. Specifically, you are asked to assess whether the EU uses the right tool to steer consumers towards more climate-friendly heating systems.
Our client is Universal Airlines that offers regular passenger flights in economy, business & first class. They have been doing quite well and profits were strong so they build up cash reserves that they are now looking to invest. The company is thinking about investing in the MRO business (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul) for global business jets.
The client has asked us to help him size up the market.
Our client, Vets2U, a well-established organization that runs ten Mobile Veterinary Clinics (MVC) in the US, has witnessed a concerning trend of stagnant revenues of $100M over the past few years. In light of this issue, the CEO of Vets2U has brought us in with the goal of increasing revenues by 25%.
"FemVest" is a venture-backed fintech aiming to launch a mobile neobroker in Germany in 2026. The company believes that women are structurally underserved in the area of retail investing: women are less likely to hold a securities account, invest smaller amounts on average, and enter the market later than men. At the same time, the financial relevance of women is growing — driven by rising incomes, demographic shifts, and inheritances.
FemVest has already secured regulatory approval as well as a custodian bank and execution partner. However, key strategic decisions remain open: the target segment has not been finalized, the product and service offering is not yet defined, the business model has not been established, and the go-to-market strategy has not yet been developed.
The board is asking you, as a consultant, to analyze the market potential, develop an initial business case, and derive concrete strategic recommendations for market entry.
Espresso Whatelse is an Italian company that produces coffee and espresso machines since 1908. It is the Italian market leader and has a strong presence overall in Europe. In 2019, Espresso Whatelse has increased its revenues but it has seen declining profit margin.
Your client wants to understand the root causes of this 2019 trend and how to increase its profit margin again.
Mercedes‑AMG stands for uncompromising performance, engineering excellence, and emotional driving experiences. Yet recently, AMG’s top management has become concerned that while the product itself continues to exceed customer expectations, the moment of purchase no longer does.
The trigger for this case was a concrete incident: a highly affluent customer configured an AMG top‑end vehicle in detail, was technically convinced, but ultimately decided against the purchase, stating: “It’s a fantastic car – but it didn’t feel special.” For the CEO of Mercedes‑AMG, this statement raises a critical question. In the luxury and performance segment, emotional differentiation at the point of decision is as important as horsepower or technology.
Against this backdrop, AMG is exploring new ways to elevate the buying experience for its most valuable customers. One idea under discussion is the introduction of AMG Individualization Hubs – exclusive physical spaces where customers would finalize their vehicle together with AMG experts in a highly personalized and immersive setting.
The management now asks you and your Consulting Team to assess this idea holistically:
How can AMG strengthen emotional differentiation during the purchase decision, and do Individualization Hubs represent a strategically sound and economically viable solution? The objective is to develop a clear recommendation that balances brand impact, customer experience, and profitability.
Your client is part of AtoZ Ltd., a diversified multinational company with a health care division that produces medical instruments and related services. Three years ago, AtoZ expanded into health care software industry by acquiring HappyHealth SE, which is selling administrative IT systems to large hospitals in Europe. While they provide strong support systems for back-office processes, their products do not offer physician or technical support nor a patient management system. The software division has continued to disappoint in growth rates, making it hard to justify the premium AtoZ paid to acquire HappyHealth three years ago. As shareholders rally to demand solutions, the devastated Head of Operations of HappyHealth turns to you and asks for potential strategies to increase revenue.
We are a Canada bus transport service operating between major cities. We have been losing money for the past 5 years. Our new CEO thinks that we need to aggressively cut costs in order to return to profitability.
We also suspect the over-operated routes as well as the new routes to be the cause of the loss. How do you suggest we should face this problem?
Your client is a US-based manufacturer of branded cookies, Gumbread Inc. The client realized that their sales have declined in recent years. The client wants to know what they should do to do drive sales again.
Our client is a mid-sized health insurance provider called SureHealth with annual revenues of $2.4 billion. The company has experienced a steady rise in administrative claims processing costs and has seen a recent uptick in fraudulent claims. Senior leadership believes that leveraging AI in the claims assessment process could have significant benefits.
They have allocated a budget of $10 million over the next three years to implement AI solutions, but they are uncertain how to prioritize to reduce fraudulent claims and administrative processing costs.
Die Fröhlich Maschinen GmbH, ein mittelständisches Unternehmen mit Sitz in Deutschland, ist auf die Produktion von Spezialmaschinen für die Automobilindustrie spezialisiert. Das Unternehmen hat in den letzten fünf Jahren seinen Umsatz kontinuierlich gesteigert, jedoch ist die Profitabilität stark zurückgegangen. Die Gewinnmarge vor Steuern liegt bei nur 3,75 %, was deutlich unter dem Branchendurchschnitt von 8 % liegt.
Gleichzeitig steht das Unternehmen vor internen und externen Herausforderungen:
- Interne Herausforderungen: Ein veraltetes ERP-System führt zu ineffizienten Prozessen in der Produktion und Verwaltung. Zudem gibt es Hinweise auf eine unvorteilhafte Kostenstruktur und mangelnde Transparenz bei der Produktprofitabilität.
- Externe Herausforderungen: Steigende Rohstoffpreise und ein intensiverer Wettbewerb setzen die Margen zusätzlich unter Druck. Einige Wettbewerber bieten ähnliche Produkte zu niedrigeren Preisen an und diversifizieren schneller in neue Branchen.
Die Geschäftsführung hat Ihre Boutique-Beratung beauftragt, die Ursachen für die sinkende Profitabilität zu analysieren und konkrete Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit vorzuschlagen.
Ziel
Analysieren Sie die Ursachen für die sinkende Profitabilität der Fröhlich Maschinen GmbH und entwickeln Sie konkrete Maßnahmen, um die Rentabilität und Effizienz langfristig zu steigern.
You have inherited the “Old Winery” from your grandfather, a winery that has been family-owned for five generations and can be dated back to the 16th century.
Half of the eleven hectares are used to grow white grapes, the other half to grow red grapes. They are grown in a conventional way, i.e. they are not organically farmed and certified. The vine stocks are in a good condition regarding age and care. Overall, the only ¼ of the harvest is made into wine by the winery itself; the rest is sold.
Your grandfather never wanted to change the image of the winery and left the managerial and administrative task to a young and energetic wine-maker. Due to the not so well-known brand, the demand for the “Old Winery” wine is currently rather low.
You do not intent to run the winery operatively, given your limited knowledge of winemaking, but find the idea of owning a winery exciting.
Our client is a leading TV/film studio. They are concerned about the part of their business that provides post-production services internally as well as externally.
The profits of this division have stagnated in the recent time.
Your task is to find ways to increase the profitability of the business.
Your client is BS Systems, a defence contractor situated in the US.
They have contacted our company to advise them in the selection of the location for a new plant, producing Apache helicopters. Three sites are in consideration: Canada, UK and US.
The profits for each plant location over the next 5 years should be calculated.
Estimate the daily revenue of your nearest coffee shop.
Clarifying information:
- You can pick any coffee shop of your choice
- We would like a “typical” day (i.e. weekday)
- All revenue (all purchases)
Mastering the case interview is a crucial step in securing a consulting job. To perform well, you need to demonstrate structured thinking, analytical skills, and clear communication while solving a real-world business problem.
The interview typically follows a structured flow, starting with an introduction and resume discussion, followed by the case presentation, where you clarify the problem and outline a logical framework. From there, you analyze data, test hypotheses, and apply quantitative skills to arrive at well-supported recommendations. Finally, you summarize your findings and engage in a discussion to defend your approach.
Success in case interviews comes down to practice. Familiarizing yourself with common frameworks is useful, but true preparation involves adapting them to different cases, improving your problem-solving speed, and refining your communication. By structuring your thoughts clearly, staying flexible in your approach, and confidently presenting your findings, you’ll increase your chances of impressing your interviewer and landing an offer at a top consulting firm. 🚀
Let's Move On With the Next Articles:
The Personal Fit Interview
Basics of Case Interviews
The personal fit interview is a crucial part of the selection process in consulting. It’s often underestimated by candidates who tend to focus on the challenging case interviews only. But the personal fit interview is just as important! It’s all about determining if you’ll fit well within the team and align with the company culture. Read this article to find out why the personal fit interview matters so much and how to prepare effectively.
Consulting interviews are not just about your skills and knowledge — companies also want to see how well you align with their culture and values, often called "personal fit". This part of the interview is your chance to show you’re a natural addition to the team.
Here’s a look at three common personal fit questions and some tips on how to answer them confidently and thoughtfully.
[Common personal fit interview questions: Why consulting? Why this company? Tell me about yourself.]
Every case interview has a certain structure. An important factor on how your case interview is going to proceed is if the interview is interviewer-led or candidate-led.
We’d like to explain the two interview formats – candidate-led cases and interviewer-led cases – highlight their differences, and provide you with tips on how to excel in each of them.
