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Business Sense

Business sense refers to the ability to quickly grasp economic dynamics and make decisions that are both strategically and commercially sound. In consulting, it’s not enough to repeat theories from your business degree. What matters is a deep understanding of how companies operate, what drives markets, and what different stakeholders are aiming to achieve.

Consultants with strong business acumen can quickly adapt to new industries, understand client needs, and set priorities that make economic sense. They don’t just ask, “What is analytically correct?” – they also ask, “What truly benefits the company?” This mindset often makes the difference in a case interview.
 

 

Why Your Business Sense Matters in Consulting

As a consultant, you’re expected not only to analyze complex problems but also to think in a solution-oriented and entrepreneurial way. A strong business mindset helps you put analyses into context, assess actions realistically, and focus on generating maximum client value.

In day-to-day consulting, you're working under pressure, collaborating with decision-makers, and constantly weighing trade-offs. Those who think commercially and can strategically prioritize have a clear edge.

In a case interview, showing that you understand markets and business models is key – it sets you apart and proves your readiness for the job.

👉 In our Case Library, you can prepare effectively with curated practice cases and put your business sense to the test.

Company case by
Roland Berger
Roland Berger Case: Onlinestar
4.2
109.3k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Profitability analysis
Onlinestar, an online retailer of furniture and garden products (core business), has grown significantly in recent years(...)
Onlinestar, an online retailer of furniture and garden products (core business), has grown significantly in recent years as a result of an expansion o(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Besser fliegen
4.6
11.0k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Interviewer-led
New product
Operations strategy
Pricing
Profitability analysis
Du berätst eine große europäische Fluggesellschaft. Der Vorstandsvorsitzende überlegt, eine neue Sitzklassen-Kategorie,(...)
Du berätst eine große europäische Fluggesellschaft. Der Vorstandsvorsitzende überlegt, eine neue Sitzklassen-Kategorie, die „Premium Economy“, zwische(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Inverto Case: Fast Dish Restaurant
3.6
13.0k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Operations strategy
Organizational behavior
Pricing
Profitability analysis
Fast Dish, a publicly traded Quick Service Restaurant (Franchise) company with over €20 billion in revenue and more than(...)
Fast Dish, a publicly traded Quick Service Restaurant (Franchise) company with over €20 billion in revenue and more than 20.000 restaurants globally,(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Bookl
4.1
12.5k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Capacity change
Operations strategy
Your client, Bookl, is a publishing company with stable sales in terms of both volume and price.Its distribution warehou(...)
Your client, Bookl, is a publishing company with stable sales in terms of both volume and price.Its distribution warehouse is reaching maximum capacit(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
VISO
4.0
12.9k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Interviewer-led
Competitive response
Pricing
Your client is a big bank that issues credit cards with a €100 annual fee. Recently, a supermarket entered the credit ca(...)
Your client is a big bank that issues credit cards with a €100 annual fee. Recently, a supermarket entered the credit card business. The supermarket’s(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Debt & Credit Analysis – Interview Questions for Finance
5.0
< 100 times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Non-conventional
This question set covers the fundamentals of debt instruments, credit metrics, and risk assessment. It mixes definitions(...)
This question set covers the fundamentals of debt instruments, credit metrics, and risk assessment. It mixes definitions, calculations, and case-style(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Increasing net worth of Johnny Depp
4.3
2.6k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Brain teaser
Market analysis
New product
Johnny Depp, now 56 years old, has started to feel that his acting career is about to get over. His net worth cross(...)
Johnny Depp, now 56 years old, has started to feel that his acting career is about to get over. His net worth crossed over $650 million at t(...)
Expert case by
BCG - YodaPhone
4.4
12.9k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Operations strategy
Our client is Yoda's Phones, a national telecommunications company. They have embarked on a three-year, multi-million do(...)
Our client is Yoda's Phones, a national telecommunications company. They have embarked on a three-year, multi-million dollar digitization program. Unf(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Struktur Management Partner Case: Automotive Turnaround
4.6
17.0k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Restructuring
Dein Klient ist ein spezialisierter Lösungsanbieter für komplexe Leichtbaugruppen aus Metall für die Automobil-, Luft- u(...)
Dein Klient ist ein spezialisierter Lösungsanbieter für komplexe Leichtbaugruppen aus Metall für die Automobil-, Luft- und Raumfahrtindustrie.Im verga(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
GamingHub
4.2
11.0k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Our client, GamingHub, is a large diversified entertainment corporation that received a request to approve a $200 m capi(...)
Our client, GamingHub, is a large diversified entertainment corporation that received a request to approve a $200 m capital allocation from its video(...)
Expert case by
Bain Final Round: Pharmacy Delivery Entry
3.8
2.8k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Health care
Market entry
New product
Operations strategy
Pricing
Profitability analysis
Our client is a pharmacy in Dubai - called NewWave Pharmacy. This pharmacy wants to start a new & unique delivery se(...)
Our client is a pharmacy in Dubai - called NewWave Pharmacy. This pharmacy wants to start a new & unique delivery service and want to understand i(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Health Coaches
4.5
20.6k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market entry
Profitability analysis
Public sector
Our client is a large national health care payer (health insurance company, e.g. Aetna) exploring the launch of a new di(...)
Our client is a large national health care payer (health insurance company, e.g. Aetna) exploring the launch of a new disease management program to be(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Restructuring & Distressed M&A Interview Questions for Finance
5.0
100+ times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Interviewer-led
Mergers & Acquisition
Restructuring
This set explores the fundamentals of restructuring and distressed M&A, focusing on valuation, capital structure, fi(...)
This set explores the fundamentals of restructuring and distressed M&A, focusing on valuation, capital structure, financing tools, and practical d(...)
Expert case by
Retail Banking Profitability
4.3
15.4k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
RetailBankingCo is a regional, US-based retail bank that is looking to increase its revenues. As a result, the client is(...)
RetailBankingCo is a regional, US-based retail bank that is looking to increase its revenues. As a result, the client is considering introducing a com(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Financial CRM
4.1
9.7k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Interviewer-led
Organizational behavior
Your client is a big financial services company in Germany that just implemented a Client Relationship Management (CRM)(...)
Your client is a big financial services company in Germany that just implemented a Client Relationship Management (CRM) system. Its intention is to pr(...)
Company case by
Bain & Company
Bain Case: BeautyCo – Where Did the Profits Go?
4.5
55.0k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Profitability analysis
Our client BeautyCo is a large European perfumery company with 500 shops across Europe. However, BeautyCo has been strug(...)
Our client BeautyCo is a large European perfumery company with 500 shops across Europe. However, BeautyCo has been struggling with a decrease in profi(...)
Company case by
Oliver Wyman
Oliver Wyman Case: Full Electrons Ahead
4.4
135.6k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Market sizing
Operations strategy
Your client, large automotive OEM WyCar, has developed its first fully electric vehicle (EV) and introduced it as a pilo(...)
Your client, large automotive OEM WyCar, has developed its first fully electric vehicle (EV) and introduced it as a pilot on the Austrian market last(...)
Expert case by
Baby Formula
4.2
19.7k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Competitive response
Growth strategy
Pricing
Profitability analysis
BabyformulaCo is a leading producer of baby formula with a 30% market share in the US that is looking for ways to increa(...)
BabyformulaCo is a leading producer of baby formula with a 30% market share in the US that is looking for ways to increase their market share without(...)
Case by
PrepLounge
Shaving & Co
4.3
40.7k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Pricing
Our client is an international CPG (consumer packaged goods) firm called Bryan, with multiple business units   (...)
Our client is an international CPG (consumer packaged goods) firm called Bryan, with multiple business units        (...)

How Business Sense Shows Up in Case Interviews

Your business sense won’t be tested directly – but it shows up in your thinking, your assumptions, and your recommendations. Here are five moments when it really counts:

5 tips on how to show business sense in case interviews

1. Define a clear objective.

Clarify what the company wants to achieve in the case. Is it short-term profit, long-term growth, or a stronger market position? A well-defined goal aligns your analysis and recommendations – and shows you understand the business context.

2. Develop sound hypotheses.

Top candidates derive economically plausible hypotheses. If revenue is dropping, explore potential causes like demandpricing, or competitive pressure.

3. Evaluate actions realistically.

Go beyond theory. Consider real-world feasibility, conflicting objectives, and strategic risks. Instead of simply saying “raise prices,” consider price elasticity, customer segments, and likely competitor reactions.

4. Interpret numbers in the right context.

Numbers only make sense when interpreted correctly. High margins might signal a premium position – or upcoming competitive threatsBusiness sense means understanding what the numbers imply in context.

5. Make a well-founded recommendation.

Your final recommendation should be logical and economically viable. Acknowledge risks or gaps, and show that your solution could succeed in the real world.
 

How to Train Your Business Sense

Business sense isn’t innate – it’s a skill you can develop. The key is to build a solid understanding of economic principles and learn how real-world decisions are made.

Start by regularly reading business news. Outlets like New York Times, the Wall Street Journal or the Financial Times will help you get a feel for marketsbusiness models, and strategic thinking. Go beyond the facts – try to understand the economic rationale behind each story.

When practicing case interviews, stay sharp and reflective. Ask yourself: Is my reasoning not only logical but also economically sound?

Mock interviews with peers are especially helpful. You’ll improve your communication skills and receive valuable feedback.

👉 Use our Meeting Board to find peers and practice together.

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Also, think like an entrepreneur in daily life. Observe companies, analyze new strategies, and reflect on what drives success or failure. The more often you go through this process, the sharper your business intuition becomes – and that’s what sets you apart in interviews.
 

Key Takeaways

Business sense is one of the most important success factors in both consulting and case interviews. It reflects your ability to quickly recognize economic patterns, form sound assumptions, and make realistic, client-oriented decisions. In interviews, what sets top candidates apart isn’t memorized theory but the ability to see the bigger picture: understanding what really matters to a business, prioritizing strategically, and proposing solutions that are both practical and value-driven.

To demonstrate your business sense, it’s crucial to clearly define the objective of the case, develop plausible hypotheses, assess potential actions not only analytically but also from a business standpoint, and interpret numbers within the correct context. Your final recommendation should be not just logical, but economically viable and well thought through.

The good news is that business sense can be learned. By regularly reading business news, reflecting on strategic decisions, working through case interviews critically, and actively seeking feedback, you’ll build a strong foundation in economic thinking. Over time, this mindset will not only boost your interview performance but also set you up for long-term success in consulting.

Let's Move On With the Next Articles:

Presentation and Communication
Consulting Skills & Preparation
The majority and the most obvious part of preparation is, of course, the substantive preparation for your case interview. However, you also need to present what you have learned in a way that gives your interviewer an impression of your personality and character. This means that you must appear confident and communicate clearly and precisely. The best preparation is useless if you come across as closed-off and insecure. As a consultant, you must always appear trustworthy and confident when interacting with clients to be taken seriously and to enable you and your team to work in a solution-oriented manner. This is already tested in the case interview – albeit indirectly ;) Your Body Language in the Case Interview Can Be DecisiveBody language will be a great help throughout your career to communicate clearly and build relationships. Therefore, it's time to start dealing with this topic now.A confident demeanor is advantageous in almost any profession, if not crucial. This includes a firm handshake, upright posture, and eye contact. Self-confidence signals to the interviewer that you are capable of making clear and well-thought-out decisions even under pressure.Your body language should convey openness and engagement. Avoid sitting with crossed arms and nervous gestures like drumming your fingers or playing with a pen. An open and engaged posture supports your verbal communication and shows that you are attentive and interested.💡 Prep Tip: Sit up straight and rest your elbows on the table in front of you. This creates a connection that gives you a sense of security and prevents you from making nervous movements. Clear and Precise Communication is KeyStanding out among other top talents can be challenging. The way you communicate can be a tool to achieve this. The best part is that you don't have to be "better" than the others – you will be memorable because the conversation with you was pleasant, for various reasons:Structured Problem Solving: Start by breaking down the problem and articulating your thoughts clearly and systematically. Use frameworks like the MECE principle (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive) to present your analysis logically and comprehensibly. Divide complex problems into manageable parts and explain your approach step by step. The trick is: think aloud.Active Listening: Show that you are actively listening to the interviewer and considering hints and questions. Ask follow-up questions if necessary to ensure you fully understand the problem. This demonstrates that you can work precisely and attentively, focusing on essential details.Clear Communication: Avoid jargon and complex expressions unless you are 100% confident in them. Your solutions should be clearly and understandably formulated. This is particularly important as consultants often have to communicate with clients from various fields. Respond to Your Interviewer with Interactive CommunicationView the interview as a dialogue, not a monologue. Interact with the interviewers by articulating your thought processes aloud and including everyone in your considerations. This can be done by asking questions like "Would it be helpful if I elaborate on this aspect?" or "What additional information might we need?"Additionally, be ready to reconsider your approaches and assumptions when new information is provided by the interviewer. This flexibility shows your ability to think dynamically and quickly adapt to changing situations.At the end of the interview, you should clearly summarize your findings and recommendations. Concisely wrap up the main points of your analysis and present your final recommendation. This shows that you can consolidate your thoughts and get to the point.Always remember: your recommendations should be realistic and feasible. Convince your interviewer that your solution is not only theoretically sound but also practically applicable. A well-founded argumentation and consideration of potential challenges are crucial here.A successful case interview in consulting requires more than just analytical skills. A convincing demeanor and clear, structured communication are equally important. Through careful preparation, confident appearance, and interactive communication, you can leave a positive impression and significantly improve your chances of a successful career in consulting. 
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General Knowledge
Consulting Skills & Preparation
In case interviews, having solid general knowledge can make a big difference, especially in market sizing questions. Knowing basic facts about regions, population sizes, and economic indicators helps you build stronger arguments. It’s not just about the analysis itself but also about showing interviewers that you understand global trends and can quickly process key information — an important skill in consulting.In a case interview, quick and accurate estimates are essential. For example, if you're asked to evaluate the potential market for a product in a specific country, having solid data — like the population size — is crucial. Without this information, it can be challenging to make a meaningful calculation.In addition to national market data, it's important to know about key global markets. Being familiar with major economic regions like the U.S., China, and the EU is valuable because large consulting firms such as McKinsey and BCG operate extensively in these areas. A solid understanding of these regions shows that you can think about global factors and helps you stand out from other candidates. What Your Knowledge of Population, Economy & Geography Says About YouHaving strong general knowledge in specific areas not only shows that you are well-prepared, but also that you can quickly understand economic relationships—a crucial skill in consulting. When you have information like population sizes or a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at your fingertips, you can quickly verify assumptions and make informed decisions, which is exactly what case interviews expect.Additionally, your knowledge of these topics demonstrates a genuine interest in world affairs and your ability to recognize and understand global trends. This insight is vital for evaluating how political, economic, and social changes affect businesses. It also highlights your capability to absorb and use complex data effectively.PopulationCountry/RegionPopulation (approx.)Worldwide8.05 billionChina1.426 billionIndia1.419 billionEurope (EU states)450 millionUSA335 millionIndonesia277 millionBrazil203 millionRussia143 millionJapan124 millionGermany83 millionUK68 millionGDP Forecast in USD for 2024Country/RegionGDP 2024 (approx. in trillions USD)Worldwide105 trillion USDUSA25 trillion USDChina18 trillion USDJapan4.3 trillion USDGermany4.5 trillion USDFrance3.0 trillion USDUK3.1 trillion USDIndia3.9 trillion USDItaly2.2 trillion USDBrazil2.1 trillion USDCanada2.2 trillion USD Key Data to Know for Your Case InterviewIn case interviews, making quick and accurate estimates is key. A good grasp of units, along with basic fraction and percentage calculations, is essential for working efficiently. Additionally, being comfortable with time units is important for making rough estimates and calculations. The table of larger and smaller time units below provides a handy overview of commonly needed values. These fundamental skills help you tackle tasks confidently and quickly.Overview of Time Conversions: Days, Weeks and HoursLarger UnitsSmaller UnitsDays/Year365 days (In leap years: 366 days)Days/3 Years1,095 daysDays/4 Years1,461 days (including 1 leap year)Weeks/Year52 weeksHours/Week168 hoursSeconds/Hour3,600 secondsConversion of Fractions to Percentages and Decimal ValuesFractionPercentageDecimal1/520%0.201/616.67%0.16671/714.29%0.14291/812.5%0.1251/911.11%0.11111/1010%0.101/119.09%0.09091/128.33%0.08331/137.69%0.07691/147.14%0.07141/156.67%0.06671/166.25%0.06251/175.88%0.05881/185.56%0.05561/195.26%0.05261/205%0.05Remember, it’s not enough to just memorize these numbers—you also need to be able to calculate with them effectively!Use our Mental Math Tool to specifically train your math skills and prepare for your next interview.
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Preparation Plan
Consulting Skills & Preparation
Preparing for a case interview can feel overwhelming, but having a structured plan will help you stay focused and make steady progress. A well-organized approach ensures you build a strong foundation, practice effectively, and refine your skills before the big day.In this guide, we will walk you through the key components of an effective practice plan, including self-study, peer practice, and working with a coach. Let’s go! 
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