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Business Sense

Business sense refers to the ability to quickly grasp economic dynamics and make decisions that are both strategically and commercially sound. In consulting, it’s not enough to repeat theories from your business degree. What matters is a deep understanding of how companies operate, what drives markets, and what different stakeholders are aiming to achieve.

Consultants with strong business acumen can quickly adapt to new industries, understand client needs, and set priorities that make economic sense. They don’t just ask, “What is analytically correct?” – they also ask, “What truly benefits the company?” This mindset often makes the difference in a case interview.
 

 

Why Your Business Sense Matters in Consulting

As a consultant, you’re expected not only to analyze complex problems but also to think in a solution-oriented and entrepreneurial way. A strong business mindset helps you put analyses into context, assess actions realistically, and focus on generating maximum client value.

In day-to-day consulting, you're working under pressure, collaborating with decision-makers, and constantly weighing trade-offs. Those who think commercially and can strategically prioritize have a clear edge.

In a case interview, showing that you understand markets and business models is key – it sets you apart and proves your readiness for the job.

👉 In our Case Library, you can prepare effectively with curated practice cases and put your business sense to the test.

Company case provided by Company case by
Roland Berger
Roland Berger Case: Launch of a Mobile Neobroker
"FemVest" is a venture-backed fintech aiming to launch a mobile neobroker in Germany in 2026. The company believes that women are structurally underserved in the area of retail investing: women are less likely to hold a securities account, invest smaller amounts on average, and enter the market later than men. At the same time, the financial relevance of women is growing — driven by rising incomes, demographic shifts, and inheritances. FemVest has already secured regulatory approval as well as a custodian bank and execution partner. However, key strategic decisions remain open: the target segment has not been finalized, the product and service offering is not yet defined, the business model has not been established, and the go-to-market strategy has not yet been developed. The board is asking you, as a consultant, to analyze the market potential, develop an initial business case, and derive concrete strategic recommendations for market entry.
5.0
1.3k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Market entry
New product
Company case provided by Company case by
SET Management Consulting
SET Case: Your own Management Consultancy
As one of three management consultants with many years of experience, you have SET yourself the goal of founding your own management consultancy. The topics, contents and solution offering with which you can advise and support potential customers are clear. The legal company is already founded and registered in the commercial register. Now you must pitch your business plan to the banks to get the necessary start-up financing! Especially the banks are interested in the underlying rationale of the SET Management Consulting business model. Your goal is to think of relevant financial KPIs and be prepared to explain the underlying revenue and cost streams in more detail.
4.4
20.1k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market entry
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Deloitte
Deloitte Case: Footloose
Duraflex is a German footwear company with annual men’s footwear sales of approximately €1 b. They have always relied on the boot market for the majority of their volume. In this market they compete with three other major competitors. In the fall of 2019, Badger – one of Duraflex’s competitiors – launched a new line of aggressively priced work boots. The strong success of this line has caused Duraflex’s management to re-evaluate their position in work boots. With limited additional resources, the management must now decide if they should focus their efforts on competing with Badger in the work boot sector, or allocate their resources on further strengthening their position with casual boots. The management team approached you and asked for your advice. In order to advise them on their future work boot strategy please prepare first some insights regarding market size and competitive landscape.
4.4
102.5k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Competitive response
Market analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
DHL Consulting
DHL Consulting case: Bike Shop
You have been hired to support the owner of a bike-shop as a business consultant. The bike-shop has suffered a significant revenue decline during the last year, and now the owner would like you to assess the situation and options for the way forward. They want to know last year’s profit, i.e. how it was affected by the revenue decline, and what the priority actions are to survive the next year. (short term) In addition they would like to understand the strategic competitive position of the shop better and how to increase revenues again mid- to long-term.
4.4
95.8k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Interviewer-led
Growth strategy
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Clara
SuperMovil - Telco startup market expansion
Your client is the CEO of a Europe-based mobile Telco operator, SuperMovil. Their business model is very unique: they are a “virtual Telco”. They differ from traditional mobile operators (e.g. Vodafone, T-Mobile, Telefónica/O2, etc.) in that they do not own optic fiber, antennas and satellites, but instead partner with the cited traditional Telcos and rent capacity in order to offer their services. Hence, they differ from the classical Telco, since they don't make big CAPEX investments. Your client has expressed interest in expanding her company’s operations to a new country. Which are all the factors you would take into consideration to orchestrate this geographical expansion? *Note: The M&A department has shortlisted 10 countries as top candidates, but this info will be provided and worked on later on in the case.
4.6
13.7k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market analysis
Market entry
Market sizing
Mergers & Acquisition
Company case provided by Company case by
EY-Parthenon
EY-Parthenon Case: Virtual Marketplace
A leading online real estate marketplace in Germany – your-new-home.com – is struggling with stagnating sales after many years of high growth rates. In a preliminary project with EY-Parthenon, the market environment has already been examined in detail – competitors, new entrants, customer needs, etc. As a result, you are asked to identify growth areas and quantify the potential sales uplift for the management.
4.3
85.3k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Otto Group one.O
Otto Group Case: StyleNow - Wenn Wachstum die Marge kostet
StyleNow ist eine Online-Modemarke der Otto Group, die Damen- und Herrenbekleidung ausschließlich über den eigenen Onlineshop vertreibt. In den letzten drei Jahren ist der Umsatz kontinuierlich gewachsen – unter anderem durch den gezielten Ausbau des Sortiments um neue Kategorien und Marken. Die Profitabilität hat sich jedoch trotz des Wachstums deutlich verschlechtert und das Unternehmen hat im gerade abgeschlossenen Geschäftsjahr erstmals ein negatives Ergebnis erzielt. Der Vorstand von StyleNow bittet das Inhouse Consulting um eine Analyse der Ursachen sowie eine konkrete Handlungsempfehlung. Hinweis zur Sprache: Zur besseren Lesbarkeit verwenden wir in diesem Case teilweise das generische Maskulin. Selbstverständlich sind damit alle Personen gleichermaßen gemeint.
5.0
500+ times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Growth strategy
Case by
PrepLounge
FibOp fibers
The new CEO of an optical fiber manufacturer, called FibOp, has come to you complaining that their revenues went down by 40% this year compared to last year. He wants you to help him figure out what they need to do in order to achieve the previous year’s revenues again.
4.3
12.8k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
Case by
PrepLounge
Inverto Case: VacuLuxe Innovations' Supply Chain Makeover
The client, VacuLuxe Innovations, is a manufacturer for vacuum pumps, e.g. rotary vane pumps, cryogenic pumps located in Germany. The company has grown from a start-up to a major corporation over the last 50 years. However, after benchmarking the economics of their business, the client discovered that their direct spend (i.e., COGS supplier spend) represented a higher percentage of their revenue than their closest competitors. The client's top management has engaged the SCM and procurement specialized consultancy Inverto to advise the company in this critical situation. An initial meeting with the CPO of VacuLuxe Innovations will be conducted tomorrow. VacuLuxe Innovations aims to discuss optimization potentials in the current collaboration with suppliers as well as levers to improve the supply chain resilience & carbon footprint. Unfortunately, VacuLuxe Innovations has only submitted the following high level data for their direct spend yet.
4.1
18.6k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Operations strategy
Organizational behavior
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Emily
Pets Medicine Profit Improvement
Your client is a global drug company producing and selling medicine (pills, powder, ointments, injections, etc.) for a variety of pets (dogs, cats, birds, fish etc.). In addition to organic growth, the company grew significantly over the past few years by acquiring several other pets medicine companies in different parts of the world. During this period, profitability of the company decreased significantly. The CEO is concerned with this decline and wants to put in place a plan to raise the profitability to at least 70%.
5.0
500+ times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Candidate-led
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Hagen
Sprinker
Sprinker is a mid-sized, US-based publishing agency that develops, produces, and sells educational materials. It has come to their attention that some private schools are considering changing their first-grade textbooks, for which they would need a publishing agency. Sprinker is interested in participating in the closed tender and wants to determine whether this would be economically viable.
4.5
27.7k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Candidate-led
Competitive response
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Market entry
Market sizing
New product
Profitability analysis
Case by
PrepLounge
Premium Brand Apparel Retailer
We are a premium brand apparel retailer facing a consistent decrease in market share. We would like you to figure out why this is happening and provide recommendations to reverse this trend.
4.2
8.5k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Competitive response
Growth strategy
Operations strategy
Company case provided by Company case by
OC&C
OC&C Strategy Consultants Case: Expansion einer Schmuck Agentur in China
Unser Kunde, Schmuck Agentur, ist ein führender europäischer Fachhändler für Accessoires und Schmuck. Der Kunde ist derzeit nur in Europa aktiv und vertreibt sowohl Premium- und Luxusprodukte, meist von europäischen Marken, als auch "Mid-Market" Produkte, die eher der hauseigenen Marke angehören. Der Großteil des Vertriebs geschieht über das eigene stationäre Geschäft in Europa. Schmuck Agentur möchte expandieren, und zieht hierfür den chinesischen Markt in Betracht. Aus diesem Grund wirst Du gebeten zunächst Bewertungskriterien für einen möglichen Markteintritt zu erarbeiten. Im Anschluss wirst Du Informationen erhalten, die Dir erlauben einige Faktoren zu bewerten. Abschließend sollst Du eine Empfehlung aussprechen, ob der Kunde das stationäre Geschäft nach China expandieren sollte.
4.6
21.9k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Market entry
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Ben
Double trouble
Our client is RedBus, one of several operators of iconic double-decker public transport buses in London. Over the past three years RedBus have experienced declining profitability, as a result of reduced demand for buses due to growth in affordable taxi services, such as Uber. The client is looking to understand the root cause of the issue and discuss ways to improve profitability.
4.4
6.4k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Growth strategy
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
thyssenkrupp Management Consulting
tkMC Case: Portfolio optimization of a holding company
Your client is a holding company that has three larger companies in its portfolio. The successful portfolio has developed very dynamically over the last two years and the companies are facing different challenges. The management takes this situation as an opportunity and wants to carry out a portfolio optimization. As a consultant, you are first asked to carry out a portfolio analysis and then to prepare recommendations for action for the portfolio decisions.
4.0
14.8k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Growth strategy
Mergers & Acquisition
Expert case by
Alberto
MBB First Round - FastFashion - Customer Loyalty
FastFashion is a national retail chain in Australia that sells a variety of different clothing brands for men, women, and children. They are one of four major clothing retail chains in the country. Five years ago, they introduced a loyalty program. The Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) of FastFashion wants to assess how this program is doing and what FastFashion can do to improve it.
4.7
1.4k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Candidate-led
Non-conventional
Case by
PrepLounge
Eyes Inc.
Your client, Eyes Inc., is a contact lens manufacturer situated in the US. They seek to increase their market share over the next two years and asked our company to for advice. In what way would you approach the problem?
4.3
13.4k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Profitability analysis
Case by
PrepLounge
Nearshoring - Opportunity study and Business case
Your client is an international Corporate & Investment Bank (CIB). It is France based and has already expanded to Poland (Warsaw), Asia and Americas. Your client now wants to look into the development of the existing hub in Warsaw and is contacting you to help him assess this option. How would you help him?
4.2
3.2k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
Case by
PrepLounge
Coffee pads
Your client is the CEO of Wiehle, a major household appliance manufacturer. It has been decided that a coffee machine should be added to the product line. The question is how this coffee machine should be designed: either to exclusively use Wiehle pads or to be compatible with the pads of existing third-party providers as well?
4.5
6.3k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Growth strategy
Market entry
New product
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Oliver Wyman
Oliver Wyman Case: On the Right Track
TrainCo is a manufacturer of rolling stock, or trains, with production sites in three European countries. The company has seen declining profitability over the past years; however, they are currently in a very good position to bid for and win a big contract for regional trains for a Swiss national rail company. They have asked you advise to them on whether they should place a bid for the contract.
4.4
92.1k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Candidate-led
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis

How Business Sense Shows Up in Case Interviews

Your business sense won’t be tested directly – but it shows up in your thinking, your assumptions, and your recommendations. Here are five moments when it really counts:

5 tips on how to show business sense in case interviews

1. Define a clear objective.

Clarify what the company wants to achieve in the case. Is it short-term profit, long-term growth, or a stronger market position? A well-defined goal aligns your analysis and recommendations – and shows you understand the business context.

2. Develop sound hypotheses.

Top candidates derive economically plausible hypotheses. If revenue is dropping, explore potential causes like demandpricing, or competitive pressure.

3. Evaluate actions realistically.

Go beyond theory. Consider real-world feasibility, conflicting objectives, and strategic risks. Instead of simply saying “raise prices,” consider price elasticity, customer segments, and likely competitor reactions.

4. Interpret numbers in the right context.

Numbers only make sense when interpreted correctly. High margins might signal a premium position – or upcoming competitive threatsBusiness sense means understanding what the numbers imply in context.

5. Make a well-founded recommendation.

Your final recommendation should be logical and economically viable. Acknowledge risks or gaps, and show that your solution could succeed in the real world.
 

How to Train Your Business Sense

Business sense isn’t innate – it’s a skill you can develop. The key is to build a solid understanding of economic principles and learn how real-world decisions are made.

Start by regularly reading business news. Outlets like New York Times, the Wall Street Journal or the Financial Times will help you get a feel for marketsbusiness models, and strategic thinking. Go beyond the facts – try to understand the economic rationale behind each story.

When practicing case interviews, stay sharp and reflective. Ask yourself: Is my reasoning not only logical but also economically sound?

Mock interviews with peers are especially helpful. You’ll improve your communication skills and receive valuable feedback.

👉 Use our Meeting Board to find peers and practice together.

Aug 25
01:30 - 03:00 PM
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05:30 - 07:00 PM
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63% Reliability
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Advanced, Pro
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06:00 - 07:30 PM
Novice
100% Reliability
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Advanced, Pro
Aug 26
07:00 - 08:30 AM
Novice
89% Reliability
English, German
Advanced, Pro
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Aug 26
08:00 - 09:30 AM
Novice
Reliability: N/A
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Novice, Advanced, Pro
Aug 26
12:45 - 02:15 PM
Novice
100% Reliability
English, German
Advanced, Pro
Aug 27
01:30 - 03:00 AM
Advanced
91% Reliability
English, German
Advanced, Pro
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Aug 27
05:30 - 07:00 AM
Advanced
Reliability: N/A
English
Advanced, Pro
Aug 27
03:00 - 04:30 PM
Advanced
91% Reliability
English, German
Advanced, Pro
Aug 27
03:00 - 04:30 PM
Novice
100% Reliability
English, Spanish
Novice, Advanced, Pro
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Find more meeting invitations on our meeting board and post your own suggestion.

👉  Want to take it a step further? Connect with our experienced coaches.

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Also, think like an entrepreneur in daily life. Observe companies, analyze new strategies, and reflect on what drives success or failure. The more often you go through this process, the sharper your business intuition becomes – and that’s what sets you apart in interviews.
 

Key Takeaways

Business sense is one of the most important success factors in both consulting and case interviews. It reflects your ability to quickly recognize economic patterns, form sound assumptions, and make realistic, client-oriented decisions. In interviews, what sets top candidates apart isn’t memorized theory but the ability to see the bigger picture: understanding what really matters to a business, prioritizing strategically, and proposing solutions that are both practical and value-driven.

To demonstrate your business sense, it’s crucial to clearly define the objective of the case, develop plausible hypotheses, assess potential actions not only analytically but also from a business standpoint, and interpret numbers within the correct context. Your final recommendation should be not just logical, but economically viable and well thought through.

The good news is that business sense can be learned. By regularly reading business news, reflecting on strategic decisions, working through case interviews critically, and actively seeking feedback, you’ll build a strong foundation in economic thinking. Over time, this mindset will not only boost your interview performance but also set you up for long-term success in consulting.

Let's Move On With the Next Articles:

Presentation and Communication
Consulting Skills & Preparation
The majority and the most obvious part of preparation is, of course, the substantive preparation for your case interview. However, you also need to present what you have learned in a way that gives your interviewer an impression of your personality and character. This means that you must appear confidentand communicate clearly and precisely. The best preparation is useless if you come across as closed-off and insecure. As a consultant, you must always appear trustworthy and confident when interacting with clients to be taken seriously and to enable you and your team to work in a solution-oriented manner. This is already tested in the case interview – albeit indirectly ;)
To the article
General Knowledge
Consulting Skills & Preparation
In case interviews, having solid general knowledge can make a big difference, especially in market sizing questions. Knowing basic facts about regions, population sizes, and economic indicators helps you build stronger arguments. It’s not just about the analysis itself but also about showing interviewers that you understand global trends and can quickly process key information — an important skill in consulting. In a case interview, quick and accurate estimates are essential. For example, if you're asked to evaluate the potential market for a product in a specific country, having solid data — like the population size — is crucial. Without this information, it can be challenging to make a meaningful calculation. In addition to national market data, it's important to know about key global markets. Being familiar with major economic regions like the U.S., China, and the EU is valuable because large consulting firms such as McKinsey and BCG operate extensively in these areas. A solid understanding of these regions shows that you can think about global factors and helps you stand out from other candidates. What Your Knowledge of Population, Economy & Geography Says About You Having strong general knowledge in specific areas not only shows that you are well-prepared, but also that you can quickly understand economic relationships—a crucial skill in consulting. When you have information like population sizes or a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at your fingertips, you can quickly verify assumptions and make informed decisions, which is exactly what case interviews expect. Additionally, your knowledge of these topics demonstrates a genuine interest in world affairs and your ability to recognize and understand global trends. This insight is vital for evaluating how political, economic, and social changes affect businesses. It also highlights your capability to absorb and use complex data effectively. Population Country/Region Population (approx.) Worldwide 8.05 billion China 1.426 billion India 1.419 billion Europe (EU states) 450 million USA 335 million Indonesia 277 million Brazil 203 million Russia 143 million Japan 124 million Germany 83 million UK 68 million GDP Forecast in USD for 2024 Country/Region GDP 2024 (approx. in trillions USD) Worldwide 105 trillion USD USA 25 trillion USD China 18 trillion USD Japan 4.3 trillion USD Germany 4.5 trillion USD France 3.0 trillion USD UK 3.1 trillion USD India 3.9 trillion USD Italy 2.2 trillion USD Brazil 2.1 trillion USD Canada 2.2 trillion USD Key Data to Know for Your Case Interview In case interviews, making quick and accurate estimates is key. A good grasp of units, along with basic fraction and percentage calculations, is essential for working efficiently. Additionally, being comfortable with time units is important for making rough estimates and calculations. The table of larger and smaller time units below provides a handy overview of commonly needed values. These fundamental skills help you tackle tasks confidently and quickly. Overview of Time Conversions: Days, Weeks and Hours Larger Units Smaller Units Days/Year 365 days (In leap years: 366 days) Days/3 Years 1,095 days Days/4 Years 1,461 days (including 1 leap year) Weeks/Year 52 weeks Hours/Week 168 hours Seconds/Hour 3,600 seconds Conversion of Fractions to Percentages and Decimal Values Fraction Percentage Decimal 1/5 20% 0.20 1/6 16.67% 0.1667 1/7 14.29% 0.1429 1/8 12.5% 0.125 1/9 11.11% 0.1111 1/10 10% 0.10 1/11 9.09% 0.0909 1/12 8.33% 0.0833 1/13 7.69% 0.0769 1/14 7.14% 0.0714 1/15 6.67% 0.0667 1/16 6.25% 0.0625 1/17 5.88% 0.0588 1/18 5.56% 0.0556 1/19 5.26% 0.0526 1/20 5% 0.05 Remember, it’s not enough to just memorize these numbers—you also need to be able to calculate with them effectively! Use our Mental Math Tool to specifically train your math skills and prepare for your next interview.
To the article
Preparation Plan
Consulting Skills & Preparation
Preparing for a case interview can feel overwhelming, but having a structured plan will help you stay focused and make steady progress. A well-organized approach ensures you build a strong foundation, practice effectively, and refine your skills before the big day. In this guide, we will walk you through the key components of an effective practice plan, including self-study, peer practice, and working with a coach. Let’s go!
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