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Business Sense

Business sense refers to the ability to quickly grasp economic dynamics and make decisions that are both strategically and commercially sound. In consulting, it’s not enough to repeat theories from your business degree. What matters is a deep understanding of how companies operate, what drives markets, and what different stakeholders are aiming to achieve.

Consultants with strong business acumen can quickly adapt to new industries, understand client needs, and set priorities that make economic sense. They don’t just ask, “What is analytically correct?” – they also ask, “What truly benefits the company?” This mindset often makes the difference in a case interview.
 

 

Why Your Business Sense Matters in Consulting

As a consultant, you’re expected not only to analyze complex problems but also to think in a solution-oriented and entrepreneurial way. A strong business mindset helps you put analyses into context, assess actions realistically, and focus on generating maximum client value.

In day-to-day consulting, you're working under pressure, collaborating with decision-makers, and constantly weighing trade-offs. Those who think commercially and can strategically prioritize have a clear edge.

In a case interview, showing that you understand markets and business models is key – it sets you apart and proves your readiness for the job.

👉 In our Case Library, you can prepare effectively with curated practice cases and put your business sense to the test.

Company case provided by Company case by
SET Management Consulting
SET Case: Strategische Neuausrichtung der Fröhlich Maschinen GmbH
Die Fröhlich Maschinen GmbH, ein mittelständisches Unternehmen mit Sitz in Deutschland, ist auf die Produktion von Spezialmaschinen für die Automobilindustrie spezialisiert. Das Unternehmen hat in den letzten fünf Jahren seinen Umsatz kontinuierlich gesteigert, jedoch ist die Profitabilität stark zurückgegangen. Die Gewinnmarge vor Steuern liegt bei nur 3,75 %, was deutlich unter dem Branchendurchschnitt von 8 % liegt. Gleichzeitig steht das Unternehmen vor internen und externen Herausforderungen: - Interne Herausforderungen: Ein veraltetes ERP-System führt zu ineffizienten Prozessen in der Produktion und Verwaltung. Zudem gibt es Hinweise auf eine unvorteilhafte Kostenstruktur und mangelnde Transparenz bei der Produktprofitabilität. - Externe Herausforderungen: Steigende Rohstoffpreise und ein intensiverer Wettbewerb setzen die Margen zusätzlich unter Druck. Einige Wettbewerber bieten ähnliche Produkte zu niedrigeren Preisen an und diversifizieren schneller in neue Branchen. Die Geschäftsführung hat Ihre Boutique-Beratung beauftragt, die Ursachen für die sinkende Profitabilität zu analysieren und konkrete Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit vorzuschlagen. Ziel Analysieren Sie die Ursachen für die sinkende Profitabilität der Fröhlich Maschinen GmbH und entwickeln Sie konkrete Maßnahmen, um die Rentabilität und Effizienz langfristig zu steigern.
4.4
2.2k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Restructuring
Company case provided by Company case by
RSM Ebner Stolz Management Consultants
RSM Ebner Stolz Case: Noch zu retten?
Sie werden vom Management der mittelständischen Packaging-Group gebeten, eine Einschätzung zur wirtschaftlichen Lage des Konzerns abzugeben. Im Rahmen der Analyse der operativen Ergebnisse der Auslandswerke soll das Werk identifiziert werden, bei dem der aktuell größte Handlungsbedarf besteht. Davon ausgehend sollen Optionen erarbeitet und bewertet werden, die der Kandidat dem Management im Umgang mit diesem Auslandswerk empfehlen würde und was ggf. auf Basis der Analyse für Rückschlüsse hinsichtlich der Konzernzahlen gezogen werden können.
3.0
12.8k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Bain & Company
Bain Case: BeautyCo – Where Did the Profits Go?
Our client BeautyCo is a large European perfumery company with 500 shops across Europe. However, BeautyCo has been struggling with a decrease in profitability for some time and would like to work with us to understand what the causes and possible actions could be. Therefore, as a first step the client wants us to identify the cause of the profitability issues.
4.6
69.3k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Profitability analysis
Case by
PrepLounge
Bank growth strategy
A bank based in a developing country in Africa has hired us to find out how it can grow its local retail banking business unit. What aspects would you investigate? What would you recommend to our client?
4.4
29.9k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Mergers & Acquisition
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Giulia
MBB Case – Consulting a Government
Our client is the government of an imaginary country which is suffering from strong protests and riots by its own population. The client would like to understand the reason for these protests. In a second step, the client wants you to make suggestions for improvement to end these protests. In answering those two questions, what factors would you consider in making your potential recommendation?
4.5
10.7k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Candidate-led
Brain teaser
Market analysis
Operations strategy
Organizational behavior
Public sector
Case by
PrepLounge
Madflix.com
Our client is madflix.com, a website similar to Netflix. The biggest difference is however that Madflix targets mainly men and provides a majority of “mad movies”, such as action, horror, or science-fiction movies. Clients sign up online, order online, receive the movie and mail it back. Madflix is not satisfied with the profit margin, as it has declined over the last two years. The CEO has hired us to recommend a solution.
4.4
54.5k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market analysis
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Volkswagen Group Consulting
Volkswagen Group Consulting Case: Wo soll produziert werden?
Ihr Kunde ist in einem globalen Automobilkonzern dafür verantwortlich ein neues Produkt mit einem Volumen von 140.000 Fahrzeugen über den gesamten Produktionszeitraum auf den Markt zu bringen. Bedingt durch finanzielle Anspannung liegt ein besonderer Fokus auf den Kosten.
4.3
15.1k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market entry
New product
Pricing
Expert case by
Hagen
Sprinker
Sprinker is a mid-sized, US-based publishing agency that develops, produces, and sells educational materials. It has come to their attention that some private schools are considering changing their first-grade textbooks, for which they would need a publishing agency. Sprinker is interested in participating in the closed tender and wants to determine whether this would be economically viable.
4.5
27.8k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Candidate-led
Competitive response
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Market entry
Market sizing
New product
Profitability analysis
Case by
PrepLounge
Startup VS Consulting
Your objective today is to make a decision: you have an offer from a consulting company which will pay you €50.000 per year. On the other hand, you always wanted to create your own startup in your favorite city. What would be the income difference? Please consider your income analysis and explain your decision.
4.3
13.2k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Market entry
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Moritz
Zero Carbon Mine (McKinsey 1st & 2nd round)
Client goal Our client is an international mining company Global Mining Corp (GMC) that focuses on copper mining and is interested in the possibility of producing and selling “green copper”, which is the same product as normal copper but with a certified zero carbon footprint for its entire life cycle until sale. The client engaged your team to help determine the prospects for achieving net zero for their Chilean and Australian copper mines in the next 10 years and decide whether they should pursue this path. Description of situation The client operates open pit copper mines mostly in remote areas of Chile and Australia. In most cases, the copper ore is blasted with explosives and turned into rubble, which is then collected by heavy bulldozers in big piles, loaded by power shovels onto haul trucks, which transport the material over several kilometers to the processing site. Mobile equipment is diesel operated and very heavy, up to 400 tons for a fully loaded haul truck. During processing, a series of mechanical operations take place to break down the rubble further before chemical processes like acidic leaching are used to produce the final product: copper cathodes. This material is then transported by trucks and rail to the nearest port where it can be shipped to its final destination, depending on the customer.
4.0
5.1k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Interviewer-led
Operations strategy
Case by
PrepLounge
Universal Airlines
Our client is Universal Airlines that offers regular passenger flights in economy, business & first class. They have been doing quite well and profits were strong so they build up cash reserves that they are now looking to invest. The company is thinking about investing in the MRO business (Maintenance, Repair & Overhaul) for global business jets. The client has asked us to help him size up the market.
4.0
10.9k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Interviewer-led
Market entry
Market sizing
Company case provided by Company case by
OC&C
CleanWave – When the Suds Settle
CleanWave is a leading branded manufacturer of dishwashing products in Germany, primarily selling dishwashing tabs and liquids. During the Covid period (2020–2021), the company experienced unusually strong growth in revenues and profits. Since 2022, however, CleanWave’s revenues and profitability have declined significantly. Management believes this is mainly driven by weaker consumer demand and increased price pressure. You are asked to: - Estimate the size of the German dishwashing market - Analyse the drivers of CleanWave’s declining revenues and profits - Understand the impact of Covid and post-Covid market dynamics - Develop strategic recommendations for CleanWave going forward
4.5
800+ times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Market sizing
New product
Case by
PrepLounge
OnlineGo
The client, OnlineGo, is a European Internet Service Provider (ISP) that is contemplating entering the North American market. Currently, they hold a dominant position in the European market with two streams of income; a subscription fee and taking a percentage of all e-commerce transactions done by subscribers. After studying the North American market, OnlineGo has concluded that the market is very divided and it is the perfect time to enter. You have been asked to calculate some figures to determine the potential profitability of entering the North American market.
4.4
16.7k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market analysis
Market entry
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Mercedes-Benz Management Consulting
MBMC Case: Exploring the future of automotive mobility
As a consultant at Mercedes-Benz Management Consulting (MBMC), you are actively shaping the future of automotive mobility. While you are contributing to decisive projects that design the future of the world’s No.1 premium carmaker, you also develop your own career path, and you have the unique possibility to build your personal brand and cultivate relationships with the top management. Your client on your current project is the head of product strategy who reports directly to the CEO. She asks you to explore new profit pools and business opportunities regarding innovations and monetarization strategies. Initially, you shall structure and explore potential business models, and discuss necessary conditions and implications of these business models. In a next step, you shall quantitatively analyze possible options and prepare them for decision. And of course, the client is interested in your recommendation.
3.7
13.5k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
New product
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
Oliver Wyman
Oliver Wyman Case: On the Right Track
TrainCo is a manufacturer of rolling stock, or trains, with production sites in three European countries. The company has seen declining profitability over the past years; however, they are currently in a very good position to bid for and win a big contract for regional trains for a Swiss national rail company. They have asked you advise to them on whether they should place a bid for the contract.
4.4
92.4k times solved
Difficulty: Beginner
Candidate-led
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
EY-Parthenon
EY-Parthenon Case: Virtual Marketplace
A leading online real estate marketplace in Germany – your-new-home.com – is struggling with stagnating sales after many years of high growth rates. In a preliminary project with EY-Parthenon, the market environment has already been examined in detail – competitors, new entrants, customer needs, etc. As a result, you are asked to identify growth areas and quantify the potential sales uplift for the management.
4.3
85.4k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Candidate-led
Growth strategy
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Francesco
McKinsey 1st Round Case - Party Burger
Our client is Party Burger, a restaurant chain in the US serving premium burgers and salads for lunch. They rely on the quality of their products to attract customers, and they are usually fully booked. However, reviews have pointed out that the service offered could be improved. Our client is concerned this could impact their sustainability long term.
4.5
7.9k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Capacity change
Growth strategy
Operations strategy
Profitability analysis
Company case provided by Company case by
SET Management Consulting
SET Case: Your own Management Consultancy
As one of three management consultants with many years of experience, you have SET yourself the goal of founding your own management consultancy. The topics, contents and solution offering with which you can advise and support potential customers are clear. The legal company is already founded and registered in the commercial register. Now you must pitch your business plan to the banks to get the necessary start-up financing! Especially the banks are interested in the underlying rationale of the SET Management Consulting business model. Your goal is to think of relevant financial KPIs and be prepared to explain the underlying revenue and cost streams in more detail.
4.4
20.5k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market entry
Profitability analysis
Expert case by
Casper
Merger of two beer manufacturers
Our clients are two beer manufacturers from a well-developed country who just decided to merge. We can call them Company A and Company B. The decision about the merger has already been taken and our clients are certain it will soon be approved by regulators. What is expected from you is to help them with two objectives: Firstly, they would like you to help them decrease the costs of their post-merger operations. Secondly, they would like you to help them develop a new marketing strategy. How would you like to go about helping our clients?
4.8
9.4k times solved
Difficulty: Advanced
Candidate-led
Competitive response
Growth strategy
Market analysis
Mergers & Acquisition
Operations strategy
Restructuring
Case by
PrepLounge
Inverto Case: FashionForward’s Sourcing Shake-up
FashionForward is a mid-sized, private-label fashion retailer headquartered in Europe with €600 million in annual revenue. Its product portfolio includes fast-fashion collections for men and women, sold in 220 stores across six countries, and online. The company currently sources approximately 85% of its total production volume from Bangladesh, heavily relying on just three key suppliers for over 70% of that volume. Their procurement strategy is highly cost-driven, and supplier relationships are transactional. FashionForward has now asked Inverto to develop a new sourcing strategy. Over the last 18 months, FashionForward has faced increasing procurement challenges: - A drop in demand for trend-sensitive fashion categories - Long lead times (up to 40 days), limiting reactivity to seasonal trends - Repeated shipping delays and FX volatility from Banglades - Overstocking in basics and stockouts of fashion-forward items - ESG non-compliance flagged in two factories during an audit - Growing pressure from the board to increase agility and reduce dependency on Bangladesh
4.4
10.4k times solved
Difficulty: Intermediate
Interviewer-led
Market analysis
Operations strategy

How Business Sense Shows Up in Case Interviews

Your business sense won’t be tested directly – but it shows up in your thinking, your assumptions, and your recommendations. Here are five moments when it really counts:

5 tips on how to show business sense in case interviews

1. Define a clear objective.

Clarify what the company wants to achieve in the case. Is it short-term profit, long-term growth, or a stronger market position? A well-defined goal aligns your analysis and recommendations – and shows you understand the business context.

2. Develop sound hypotheses.

Top candidates derive economically plausible hypotheses. If revenue is dropping, explore potential causes like demandpricing, or competitive pressure.

3. Evaluate actions realistically.

Go beyond theory. Consider real-world feasibility, conflicting objectives, and strategic risks. Instead of simply saying “raise prices,” consider price elasticity, customer segments, and likely competitor reactions.

4. Interpret numbers in the right context.

Numbers only make sense when interpreted correctly. High margins might signal a premium position – or upcoming competitive threatsBusiness sense means understanding what the numbers imply in context.

5. Make a well-founded recommendation.

Your final recommendation should be logical and economically viable. Acknowledge risks or gaps, and show that your solution could succeed in the real world.
 

How to Train Your Business Sense

Business sense isn’t innate – it’s a skill you can develop. The key is to build a solid understanding of economic principles and learn how real-world decisions are made.

Start by regularly reading business news. Outlets like New York Times, the Wall Street Journal or the Financial Times will help you get a feel for marketsbusiness models, and strategic thinking. Go beyond the facts – try to understand the economic rationale behind each story.

When practicing case interviews, stay sharp and reflective. Ask yourself: Is my reasoning not only logical but also economically sound?

Mock interviews with peers are especially helpful. You’ll improve your communication skills and receive valuable feedback.

👉 Use our Meeting Board to find peers and practice together.

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👉  Want to take it a step further? Connect with our experienced coaches.

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Also, think like an entrepreneur in daily life. Observe companies, analyze new strategies, and reflect on what drives success or failure. The more often you go through this process, the sharper your business intuition becomes – and that’s what sets you apart in interviews.
 

Key Takeaways

Business sense is one of the most important success factors in both consulting and case interviews. It reflects your ability to quickly recognize economic patterns, form sound assumptions, and make realistic, client-oriented decisions. In interviews, what sets top candidates apart isn’t memorized theory but the ability to see the bigger picture: understanding what really matters to a business, prioritizing strategically, and proposing solutions that are both practical and value-driven.

To demonstrate your business sense, it’s crucial to clearly define the objective of the case, develop plausible hypotheses, assess potential actions not only analytically but also from a business standpoint, and interpret numbers within the correct context. Your final recommendation should be not just logical, but economically viable and well thought through.

The good news is that business sense can be learned. By regularly reading business news, reflecting on strategic decisions, working through case interviews critically, and actively seeking feedback, you’ll build a strong foundation in economic thinking. Over time, this mindset will not only boost your interview performance but also set you up for long-term success in consulting.

Let's Move On With the Next Articles:

Presentation and Communication
Consulting Skills & Preparation
The majority and the most obvious part of preparation is, of course, the substantive preparation for your case interview. However, you also need to present what you have learned in a way that gives your interviewer an impression of your personality and character. This means that you must appear confidentand communicate clearly and precisely. The best preparation is useless if you come across as closed-off and insecure. As a consultant, you must always appear trustworthy and confident when interacting with clients to be taken seriously and to enable you and your team to work in a solution-oriented manner. This is already tested in the case interview – albeit indirectly ;)
To the article
General Knowledge
Consulting Skills & Preparation
In case interviews, having solid general knowledge can make a big difference, especially in market sizing questions. Knowing basic facts about regions, population sizes, and economic indicators helps you build stronger arguments. It’s not just about the analysis itself but also about showing interviewers that you understand global trends and can quickly process key information — an important skill in consulting. In a case interview, quick and accurate estimates are essential. For example, if you're asked to evaluate the potential market for a product in a specific country, having solid data — like the population size — is crucial. Without this information, it can be challenging to make a meaningful calculation. In addition to national market data, it's important to know about key global markets. Being familiar with major economic regions like the U.S., China, and the EU is valuable because large consulting firms such as McKinsey and BCG operate extensively in these areas. A solid understanding of these regions shows that you can think about global factors and helps you stand out from other candidates. What Your Knowledge of Population, Economy & Geography Says About You Having strong general knowledge in specific areas not only shows that you are well-prepared, but also that you can quickly understand economic relationships—a crucial skill in consulting. When you have information like population sizes or a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at your fingertips, you can quickly verify assumptions and make informed decisions, which is exactly what case interviews expect. Additionally, your knowledge of these topics demonstrates a genuine interest in world affairs and your ability to recognize and understand global trends. This insight is vital for evaluating how political, economic, and social changes affect businesses. It also highlights your capability to absorb and use complex data effectively. Population Country/Region Population (approx.) Worldwide 8.05 billion China 1.426 billion India 1.419 billion Europe (EU states) 450 million USA 335 million Indonesia 277 million Brazil 203 million Russia 143 million Japan 124 million Germany 83 million UK 68 million GDP Forecast in USD for 2024 Country/Region GDP 2024 (approx. in trillions USD) Worldwide 105 trillion USD USA 25 trillion USD China 18 trillion USD Japan 4.3 trillion USD Germany 4.5 trillion USD France 3.0 trillion USD UK 3.1 trillion USD India 3.9 trillion USD Italy 2.2 trillion USD Brazil 2.1 trillion USD Canada 2.2 trillion USD Key Data to Know for Your Case Interview In case interviews, making quick and accurate estimates is key. A good grasp of units, along with basic fraction and percentage calculations, is essential for working efficiently. Additionally, being comfortable with time units is important for making rough estimates and calculations. The table of larger and smaller time units below provides a handy overview of commonly needed values. These fundamental skills help you tackle tasks confidently and quickly. Overview of Time Conversions: Days, Weeks and Hours Larger Units Smaller Units Days/Year 365 days (In leap years: 366 days) Days/3 Years 1,095 days Days/4 Years 1,461 days (including 1 leap year) Weeks/Year 52 weeks Hours/Week 168 hours Seconds/Hour 3,600 seconds Conversion of Fractions to Percentages and Decimal Values Fraction Percentage Decimal 1/5 20% 0.20 1/6 16.67% 0.1667 1/7 14.29% 0.1429 1/8 12.5% 0.125 1/9 11.11% 0.1111 1/10 10% 0.10 1/11 9.09% 0.0909 1/12 8.33% 0.0833 1/13 7.69% 0.0769 1/14 7.14% 0.0714 1/15 6.67% 0.0667 1/16 6.25% 0.0625 1/17 5.88% 0.0588 1/18 5.56% 0.0556 1/19 5.26% 0.0526 1/20 5% 0.05 Remember, it’s not enough to just memorize these numbers—you also need to be able to calculate with them effectively! Use our Mental Math Tool to specifically train your math skills and prepare for your next interview.
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Preparation Plan
Consulting Skills & Preparation
Preparing for a case interview can feel overwhelming, but having a structured plan will help you stay focused and make steady progress. A well-organized approach ensures you build a strong foundation, practice effectively, and refine your skills before the big day. In this guide, we will walk you through the key components of an effective practice plan, including self-study, peer practice, and working with a coach. Let’s go!
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