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How to best open a classic profitability case?

Hi everyone,

I’ve been going through various resources on profitability cases (e.g. Victor Cheng’s Case Interview Secrets, videos, etc.) and I still have a question about the very beginning of a classic case where you would use the typicall Revenue-Cost framework or at least some variation of it:

When opening a profitability case, is it generally better to:

  1. Start with the framework (profit = revenue – costs, and then drill down into the sub-branches), stating that declining profits must come from one or both sides?

OR

  1. First ask some clarifying, business-specific questions (e.g. product mix, distribution channels, regions of operation, etc.) to better understand the context before committing to a tree? For example, if I clarify early that the client only operates domestically and sources all inputs locally, I would already know that tariffs or FX fluctuations are unlikely drivers and can focus my analysis more effectively.

Do you recommend always laying out the revenue-cost framework first and then adapting, or is it smarter to tailor the structure upfront with more contextual questions?

Thanks in advance for your thoughts!

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Vasilis
Coach
13 hrs ago
Revolut l Ex Amazon (5+ years) l LBS MBA Candidate 27' l 30% off first session l free 15' intro call l

Hi there, 

When opening a profitability case, the right balance is clarify first, structure second – but with discipline.

  1. Clarifying questions come first, but only a few
    • Always start by clarifying the objective of the case (what does “profitability decline” mean in context – net income, operating margin, etc.).
    • Then ask 1–2 key contextual questions that materially affect your structure (e.g., geography, business model, product scope).
    • Don’t slip into an endless fact-gathering session – your interviewer wants to see you take control with a framework.
  2. Lay out the base framework (profit = revenue – cost)
    • After clarifications, use the revenue–cost split as your starting point. It’s the simplest and clearest way to show structured thinking.
    • Then tailor the branches based on what you learned from the clarifications. For example, if the company is B2B SaaS, revenue may be split into subscriptions vs. one-off projects, not “price × volume.”
  3. Why this approach works best
    • Jumping into the full framework without clarifications risks building irrelevant branches.
    • Asking too many clarifying questions before showing any structure looks like you’re stalling.
    • The “clarify → revenue–cost framework → tailor” sequence shows both curiosity about context and the ability to drive the case forward logically.

In practice:

  • Clarify objective + 1–2 key facts.
  • Say: “Given that, I’d like to structure the problem by breaking profit into revenues and costs. On the revenue side, I’d look at X and Y… On the cost side, I’d focus on A and B…”
  • Adapt as needed based on what’s relevant to the case.

Any further questions happy to help offline. 

Best, 

Vasilis 

Andreas
Coach
7 hrs ago
BCG Principal, 150+ BCG interviews (incl. final rounds), Post-MBA offers from All Big 3 / MBB

Hi there. 

 

You will want to strike a balance between the two. 

Ask 2-4 contextual questions upfront to (a) narrow the scope of the case (if possible (e.g. your example of only operating domestically) and (b) ensure you have a better understanding of the context (e.g., whats their business model, recent changes in strategy, ...) 

Following that you lay out your framework. You can tailor it based on the specifics you learned already. As you go along you continue to refine your focus as you learn more about the situation. 

 

Hope that helps! 

 

Cheers,

Andreas

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