Your client is a D2C (direct to customer) online fashion business in a developing country. It is a new brand, launched about 2 years ago and founded by ex-investment bankers. Their brand focuses on trendy, edgy design that is less main-stream (versus big brands like H&M, Uniqlo, Zara etc) for adult men. While they have been growing fast, they want to understand how they can further improve their sales.
Case Prompt:
Sample Structure
A very basic answer framework can follow the drivers of revenue, which would look like the following
Price (average selling price)
- Optimize pricing of existing product lines
- Run targeted discounts or seasonal discounts
Quantity (# of clothing sold)
- Increase online traffic & conversion
- Increase repeat purchases
- Expand product range
A good answer should elaborate on the specific ideas or hypotheses possible based on this client situation e.g. to increase online traffic the client can improve social media customer acquisition including using influencers, google ads, or they could expand partnerships with e-commerce platforms etc.
A more advanced answer could include other lenses of breaking down the problem, including the Ansoff growth matrix etc.
There are multiple ways of structuring this question, and more nuanced and sophisticated approaches would also be accepted, as long as it is makes sense
Clarifying information, if asked by the candidate:
- Country population of 30M
- Currently they are only online and they sell through their own branded website, no physical store yet
- They focus on making male adult clothing - they do not have bags, shoes or accessories
- Their pricing is on the higher range of the spectrum (e.g $20-30 more expensive than mass fashion brands such as H&M, Zara, Uniqlo)
- They do not manufacture their own clothes as they do not have a factory. They design the clothes and get it manufactured by a fashion manufacturer
Market Sizing
Please size the market for the client in their developing country
Population of country
- 30M
Gender split (males)
- ~50% males
- Therefore 15M male population
Relevant age group
- Only adult males, so assuming even distribution from 0-80 years old, the 20-60 age range would be ~50% of the male population
- Therefore 7.5M adult males
Segment by income tiers
- Population income distribution
- Low income = 25%
- Middle income = 25%
- High income = 25%
- Therefore there will be adult males of
- Low income = 25% * 7.5M =1.875 m = ~2M
- Middle income = 50% * 7.5M =3.75 m = ~4M
- High income = 25% * 7.5M =1.875 m = ~2M
Amount of spend on clothing per year
- Average spend per male per year
- Low income = USD 50
- Middle income = USD 200
- High income = USD 500
- Total spend per income group
- Low income = USD 50 * 2M = USD 100M
- Middle income = USD 200 * 4M = USD 800M
- High income = USD 500 * 2M = USD 1,000M
Therefore total market size for male fashion = USD 100M + USD 800M + USD 1,000M = USD 1,900M = USD ~1B
You may provide the population data of the country (30M population) to the candidate, if asked
As an interviewer, please pay more attention to the logical structure of the market sizing in this instance. In terms of specific assumptions and numbers, the candidates response does not need to exactly match the suggested numbers here. as long as the candidate is able to justify them, feel free to accept them
This structure is a basic structure. If the candidate is able to provide a more sophisticated breakdown, feel free to acknowledge its merits and accept it.
Data Exhibit
Please take a look at this data exhibit. What can you tell about the trends in sales and marketing spend?
The insight seems to be that marketing spend was initially effective, but currently does not have an impact on sales
- For the first 5 months of the year, sales increased as marketing spend increased
- However, from June onwards, sales has remained effectively flat despite fluctuations in marketing spend (whether up or down)
- Therefore, it suggest that either the marketing campaigns have suddenly become ineffective, or it could be that they hit a saturation point in their target market, given they have niche, high priced clothing in a developing country
Clarification information, if the candidate asks:
We are currently in January of the new year, the data table shown is for the previous year
Digital ad = digital advertising
Math
What would be the expected profit per store if they were to launch a new store?
Please use the following assumptions
Clothing sales
- T shirts
- 400 sold per month
- Average price of USD 50
- Pants
- 350 sold per month
- Average price of USD 35
Operating costs
- Cost of Goods Sold
- 50% of sales
- Rent:
- USD 35,000 per year
- Labour
- 3 staff in store
- They earn USD 1,500 each per month
- Marketing
- 5% of sales
Annual T shirt revenue = 300 * 50 * 12 = 180,000
Annual Pants revenue = 250 * 35 * 12 = 105,000
Total revenue = 180,000 + 105,000 = 285,000
Manufacturing cost = 50% * 285,000 = USD 142,500
Rent = USD 35,000
Labour = 3 * 1,500 * 12 months = USD 54,000
Marketing = 5% * 285,000 = 14,250
Total cost = 142,500 + 35,000 + 54,000 + 14,250 = 245,750
Annual Profit = Revenue - Cost = 285,000 - 245,750 = 39,250
A good candidate will note that launching a new store seems to be a good idea because it is profitable, and in addition raise further discussion points such as additional costs that may not have been factored in (e.g. renovation and setup cost)
Clarifying information, if the candidate requests for it
- For now, calculate the profit based on only these assumptions (don't need to generate additional ones for the calculation)
- Cost of Goods Sold: this is the cost client pays to the manufacturers who make their clothes
- Sales is synonymous with revenue here
One common pitfall will be that candidates to forget to convert the numbers to the same basis i.e. all Annual or all Monthly
Brainstorming
Currently the client only focuses on casual wear, what are some new product ideas for the client?
Existing product (clothing)
- Use-case - e.g. work clothing, sports clothing
- Gender - they could branch out into female casual clothing
- Age - e.g. expand into kids wear
Adjacent products
- Shoes
- Bags
- Accessories
Recommendation
You are meeting with the founders of the startup, please make a recommendation for them based on all the work you've done so far
We've identified that our current marketing spend is not very effective - the data shows that changes in marketing ad spend (either up or down) do not significantly affect sales numbers. We have also explored some new ideas to boost sales, including launching a physical retail store and expanding the product lines. As a next step, we'd like to further analyze 2 things: 1) further validate assumptions on new store launch and 2) prioritize which new product idea to pursue. Lastly, some risks that the client could incur would be poor location of choice and underestimating the complexity of lauching new products
BCG Beginner Case: Fashion startup
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